Sicherung der Daten – Robocopy – der Kopier Gigant
Jan 18th, 2010 | By admin | Category: Schule
Um die Daten unseres Servers zu sichern, bedienen wir uns u.a. eines netten Skriptes namens "robocopy", das über den Taskplaner jede Nacht automatisch ausgeführt wird. Robocopy kann sehr differnziert über bestimmte Parameter konfiguiert werden.
Wie mächtig das Tool ist, sieht man an der Aufstellung der Parameter…
| Syntax: robocopy | Source Destination [File [File]..] |
| Source (Quelle) | Specifies the source directory. Source can use the Universal Naming Convention (UNC) format ("\\myserver") or reference a local drive |
| Destination (Ziel) | Specifies the destination directory. Destination can use the Universal Naming Convention (UNC) format ("\\myserver") or reference a local drive |
| File | Specifies the file or files to copy. Wildcard characters can also be used. *.* is the default value of File. It specifies all files in the directory specified by Source |
| /S | Copies all subdirectories, excluding empty ones |
| /E | Copies all subdirectories, including empty ones |
| /LEV:n | Copies only the top n levels of the source directory tree. n indicates the number of levels |
| /Z | Copies files in restartable mode |
| /B | Copy files in Backup mode. Copying files in backup mode is not restartable. Backup mode may be able to copy files that restartable mode cannot…. |
| /ZB | Use restartable mode; if access is denied, use backup mode |
| /COPY:Copy_Flag | The /COPY: parameter copies specified file properties. The default is /COPY:DAT Flag Description
D File data |
| Note | Source and destination volumes must both be NTFS to copy Security, Ownership or Auditing information. |
| /SEC | Copy files with security. Equivalent to /COPY:DATS. /COPYALL Copy all file attributes. Equivalent to /COPY:DATSOU. |
| /NOCOPY | Does not copy any file attributes. |
| /PURGE | Deletes destination files and directories that no longer exist in the source directory. |
| /MIR | Mirror a directory tree. The equivalent of /E /PURGE. |
| /MOV | Moves files, deleting the source after copying to the destination. |
| /MOVE | Moves files and directories, deleting the source after copying to the destination. |
| /A+:{R | A | S | H | N} | Adds the given attributes to copied files. The following table lists the valid attributes: Attribute Description R Read only S System A Archive H Hidden N Not content indexed |
| /CREATE | Create directory tree and zero-length files only. |
| /FAT | Creates destination files using 8.3 FAT file names only. |
| /FFT | Assume FAT File Times (2-second interval). Useful for copying to third-party systems that declare a volume to be NTFS but only implement file times with a 2-second interval. |
| /256 | Turn off very long path support. Very long path names are those longer than 256 characters |
| /MON:n | Monitors the source for change. The n parameter specifies the number of changes allowed in the source. If this number is exceeded, processing restarts. |
| /MOT:m | Monitors the source for change. The m parameter specifies the number of minutes to wait before checking for changes. If there are changes, processing restarts. |
| /RH:hhmm-hhmm | Defines the time slot during which starting new copies is allowed. Useful for restricting copies to certain times of the day. Both values must be 24–hour times in the range 0000 to 2359. |
| /PF | Makes more frequent checks to see if starting new copies is allowed (per file rather than per pass). Useful in stopping copy activity more promptly at the end of the run hours time slot. |
| /IPG:ms | Inter-Packet Gap in milliseconds. This parameter is used to free bandwidth on slow network links |
| /A | Copies only files with the archive attribute set. |
| /M | Copies only files with the archive attribute set, but removes the archive attribute from source files. |
| /IA:{R | A | S | H | N | C | E} | Includes only files with any of the given Attributes set. The following table lists the valid attributes: Attribute Description R Read only A Archive S System H Hidden N Not content indexed C Compressed E Encrypted |
| /XA:{R | A | S | H | N | C | E} | Excludes files with any of the given attributes. The following table lists the valid attributes: Attribute Description R Read only A Archive S System H Hidden N Not content indexed C Compressed E Encrypted |
| /XF ExFile | Excludes files matching given names, paths, or wildcard characters. |
| /XD Directory | Excludes directories matching given names/paths. |
| /XC | Excludes changed files. |
| /XN | Excludes newer files. |
| /XO | Excludes older files. |
| /XX | Excludes extra files and directories. |
| /XL | Excludes lonely files and directories. |
| /IS | Includes same files. |
| /IT | Include files tagged as tweaked. |
| /MAX:bytes | Excludes files larger than specified. |
| /MIN:bytes | Excludes files smaller than specified. |
| /MAXAGE:{days | YYYYMMDD} | Excludes files with a Last Modified Date older than n days or specified date. If n is less than 1900, then n is expressed in days. Otherwise, n is a date expressed as YYYYMMDD. |
| /MINAGE:{days | YYYYMMDD} | Excludes files with a Last Modified Date newer than n days or specified date. If n is less than 1900, then n is expressed in days. Otherwise, n is a date expressed as YYYYMMDD. |
| /MAXLAD:{days | YYYYMMDD} | Excludes files with a Last Access Date older than n days or specified date. If n is less than 1900, then n is expressed in days. Otherwise, n is a date expressed as YYYYMMDD. |
| /MINLAD:{days | YYYYMMDD} | Excludes files with a Last Access Date newer than n days or specified date. If n is less than 1900, then n is expressed in days. Otherwise, n is a date expressed as YYYYMMDD. |
| /IOFF | Includes Offline files. Excluded by default. |
| /ITEM | Includes Temporary files. Excluded by default. |
| /IOFF | Includes Offline files. Excluded by default. |
| /XJ | Excludes Junction points. |
| /R:RetryNumber | Specifies the number of retries on failed copies. The default value of RetryNumber is 1 million. |
| /W:WaitTime | Specifies the wait time between retries. The default value for WaitTime is 30 seconds. |
| /REG | Saves /R:RetryNumber and /W:WaitTime in the Registry as default settings. |
| /TBD | Waits for sharenames to be defined (retry error 67). |
| /L | Lists files without copying, time stamping, or deleting any files. |
| /X | Reports all extra files, not just those selected. |
| /V | Produces verbose output, showing skipped files. |
| /TS | Include source file time stamp in the output. |
| /FP | Include full path in the output. |
| /NS | Excludes the file size from the log file. |
| /NC | Excludes the file class from the log file. |
| /NFL | Excludes the file names from the log file. |
| /NDL | Excludes the directory names from the log file. |
| /NP | Suppresses progress display. |
| /ETA | Displays estimated time of arrival for copied files. |
| /LOG:file_name | Writes status to a log file. If the file exists, it is overwritten. |
| /LOG+:file_name | Writes status to a log file. If the file already exists, the status is appended to it. |
| /TEE | Displays output in the console window, in addition to directing it to the log file specified by /LOG or /LOG+. |
| /JOB:job_name | Gets parameters from the job file. |
| /SAVE:job_name | Saves parameters to the job file |
| /QUIT | Quits after processing the command line. No files will be copied. Use /QUIT with /JOB to view job file contents. |
| /NOSD | Declares that no source directory is specified. Useful in template Jobs for which the source is provided at run time. |
| /NODD | Declares that no destination directory is specified. Useful in template Jobs for which the destination is provided at run time. |
| /IF | Includes files with the specified names, paths, or wildcard characters. Intended for use in Job files only. |
| /SD:path | Explicitly specifies the source directory for the copy. Intended for use in Job files only. |
| /? | Displays command-line usage. |
Das Problem an der Sache ist nur, wenn jede Nacht das selbe Skript ausgeführt wird, werden die Daten auch jede Nacht aufs Neue überschrieben. Benötigt man nun aus irgendwelchen Gründen, Dateien, die ein paar Tage alt sind, hat man ein Problem. Aus diesem Grund habe ich für jeden Tag eine batch-Datei angelegt, die ich auch nach dem jeweiligen Tag benannt habe, montag.bat z.B.. Diese Datei startet "robocopy" und speichert die Sicherung im Ordner "Montag". Auf diese Weise ist es mir möglich, Daten fünf Tage rückwirkend herzustellen.
Der große Vorteil gegenüber anderen Befehlen wie z.B. "xcopy" liegt darin, dass "robocopy" inkrementelle Sicherung herstellen kann. Nur Neuerungen werden berücksichtigt, das heißt der Speichervorgang läuft schneller ab.
Wem es zu schwer erscheint, sich durch die ganzen Parameter zu kämpfen, dem stehen auch grafische Konfiguarionstools zur Verfügung, z.B. SyncToy von Microsoft:
